全文获取类型
| 收费全文 | 879篇 |
| 免费 | 162篇 |
| 国内免费 | 187篇 |
专业分类
| 测绘学 | 18篇 |
| 大气科学 | 161篇 |
| 地球物理 | 213篇 |
| 地质学 | 309篇 |
| 海洋学 | 162篇 |
| 天文学 | 11篇 |
| 综合类 | 59篇 |
| 自然地理 | 295篇 |
出版年
| 2024年 | 5篇 |
| 2023年 | 16篇 |
| 2022年 | 48篇 |
| 2021年 | 52篇 |
| 2020年 | 40篇 |
| 2019年 | 42篇 |
| 2018年 | 41篇 |
| 2017年 | 42篇 |
| 2016年 | 37篇 |
| 2015年 | 44篇 |
| 2014年 | 60篇 |
| 2013年 | 68篇 |
| 2012年 | 60篇 |
| 2011年 | 67篇 |
| 2010年 | 43篇 |
| 2009年 | 57篇 |
| 2008年 | 58篇 |
| 2007年 | 41篇 |
| 2006年 | 39篇 |
| 2005年 | 39篇 |
| 2004年 | 49篇 |
| 2003年 | 35篇 |
| 2002年 | 36篇 |
| 2001年 | 42篇 |
| 2000年 | 32篇 |
| 1999年 | 24篇 |
| 1998年 | 23篇 |
| 1997年 | 20篇 |
| 1996年 | 17篇 |
| 1995年 | 7篇 |
| 1994年 | 12篇 |
| 1993年 | 6篇 |
| 1992年 | 5篇 |
| 1991年 | 6篇 |
| 1990年 | 5篇 |
| 1989年 | 3篇 |
| 1988年 | 2篇 |
| 1987年 | 2篇 |
| 1986年 | 1篇 |
| 1985年 | 1篇 |
| 1984年 | 1篇 |
排序方式： 共有1228条查询结果，搜索用时 31 毫秒
991.
长江上游社会经济因子对侵蚀产沙的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In recent years,the role of human activities in changing sediment yield has become more apparent for the construction of hydraulic engineering and water conservation projec-tions in the Upper Yangtze River,but it has not been evaluated at the macro scale.Taking Sichuan Province and Chongqing City as an example,this paper studies the relationship between socio-economic factors and sediment yield in the Upper Yangtze River based on section data in 1989 and 2007.The results show that sediment yield is significantly correlated with population density and cultivated area,in which the former appears to be more closely related to sediment yield.Moreover,in the relation of sediment yield vs.population density,a critical value of population density exists,below which the sediment yield increases with the increase of population density and over which the sediment yield increases with the decrease of population density.The phenomenon essentially reflects the influence of natural factors,such as topography,precipitation and soil property,and some human activities on sediment yield.The region with a higher population density than critical value is located in the east of the study area and is characterized by plains,hills and low mountains,whereas the opposite is located in the west and characterized by middle and high mountains.In the eastern region,more people live on the lands with a low slope where regional soil erosion is slight;therefore,sediment yield is negatively related with population density.In contrast,in the western region,the population tends to aggregate in the areas with abundant soil and water resources which usually lead to a higher intensity of natural erosion,and in turn,high-intensity agricultural practices in these areas may further strengthen local soil erosion.It is also found that popu-lation tends to move from the areas with bad environment and high sediment yield to the areas with more comfortable environment and less sediment yield.The natural factors have greater influence on sediment yield of western region than that of eastern region.Generally,the natural factors play a dominant role on sediment yield in the Upper Yangtze River. 相似文献
992.
AdamCHOI 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2011,2(2):175-180
摘波兰北部有众多斯堪的纳维亚冰盖冰期形成的湖泊。通过湖泊区的研究,发现湖泊面积在逐渐减少,甚至导致消失．本文对变化的程度进行了观测,指出影响波兰湖泊面积变化的主要自然与人为因素,包括气候变化、湖盆深度、生物量增长、森林砍伐、水利工程建修、农药利用和排污等。 相似文献
993.
The recent morphological evolution of Macquarie Rivulet delta, Lake Illawarra, New South Wales, has been assessed from historical parish maps from 1834, 1892, 1916 and 1927 along with aerial photographs from 1938 to 2002. These images were digitised, georeferenced and analysed in a GIS framework. The 1834 sketch map could not be georeferenced and it was excluded from the calculation of delta progradation areas. Between 1892 and 1927 morphological changes were minimal, probably because the areas were not resurveyed between these map editions. A significant change in morphology between 1927 and 1938 reflects a change in source material from maps to aerial photographs. The research highlights that great care must be taken when utilising historical data. Major morphological changes observed between 1938 and 2002 included the development of a large crevasse splay in the 1960s to 1970s and the abandonment and infilling of the delta's previously active distributary channels. The research shows that the morphological changes observed on the delta can be related to both natural processes and anthropogenic modifications to the catchment and thus could be used in the development of catchment management plans. 相似文献
994.
995.
首钢地区表层土壤重金属的分布特征及污染评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用多元统计分析和空间分析相结合的方法,分析了首钢地区表层土壤中Fe、Cr、Ni、V、As、Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn、Hg 10种重金属元素的地球化学特征。研究结果表明,10种元素可以归结为4类:第一类Ni、V、As的含量低于自然背景值,主要受成土母质等自然因素的影响;第二类Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn的含量已经超出自然背景值,其中Cu、Pb、Zn属于轻度污染,Cd属于中度污染,这一类元素主要受到交通和冶炼等人为因素的影响,高值区主要分布于居民区;第三类为Fe、Cr,同时受到自然因素和人为因素的共同影响,高值区集中分布在厂区和部分居民区;第四类为Hg,Hg因其是一种非点源污染的元素而单独聚为一类,主要受到人为因素的影响且高值样点位于河流区。总体而言,首钢地区表层土壤已经受到部分污染,需密切关注其对环境的危害及人群的潜在健康风险。本研究对该区域土壤污染风险评价和土地利用规划等具有一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献
996.
生长断层活动强度定量研究的主要方法评述 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
目前,定量研究生长断层活动强度的主要方法有生长指数法、古落差法、断层活动速率法、(古)滑距法和断层位移—长度关系分析法等。在前人研究的基础上,对这些方法进行系统的补充和总结。从不同方法的提出、判别、前提假设、优缺点和关系对比等方面,进行介绍和评述。并通过实例分析,用生长指数法、古落差法、断层活动速率法和断层位移—长度关系分析法计算大张坨断层的活动强度,指出不同方法的优缺点。最后对生长断层活动定量研究方法的发展趋势进行了预测,认为生长断层活动定量研究向精度不断提高、多种方法综合运用、对断层活动演化研究更全面、揭示更多的地质和油气信息等方面发展。 相似文献
997.
ABSTRACTAny human intervention or action in karst terrains can unexpectedly, suddenly, strongly and, generally, dangerously change a local and/or a regional hydrological regime. A characteristic example of the Dinaric karst is given in this paper. The operation of two reservoirs in Livanjsko Polje at an altitude of about 702 m above sea level (m a.s.l.) and hydro-electric development of the Cetina River system started in 1973. This year marked a drastic and instantaneous change in the regional hydrological regime. A significant drop in the minimum, mean and maximum annual discharges of two neighbouring karst springs, Rumin Mali and Rumin Veliki, was caused by this anthropogenic construction. The exits of the two analysed karst springs, Rumin Mali and Veliki, are located at altitudes of about 326.8 m a.s.l. and 307.6 m a.s.l. respectively. The areal distance between them is 640 m. Their hydrological regimes have been altered in different ways. The drop in discharges is stronger for the Rumin Veliki than for the Rumin Mali. The analysis shows that the system development influenced the redistribution of the regional karst aquifer and, in this manner, contributed to the reduction of both karst springs’ recharge areas.
Editor D. Koutsoyiannis Associate editor E. Rozos 相似文献
998.
Abstract Poyang Lake is the largest freshwater lake in China, and plays a major role in flood mitigation, restoration and conservation of the ecological environment in the middle Yangtze River basin. Sediment load and streamflow variations in Poyang Lake basin are important for the scouring and deposition changes of this lake. However, these hydrological processes are heavily influenced by human activities, such as construction of water reservoirs, and land-use/land cover changes. By thorough analysis of long series of sediment and streamflow obtained from five major hydrological stations, we systematically investigated the spatial and temporal patterns of these hydrological processes and the hydrological responses to human activities using the Mann-Kendall trend test, the double cumulative mass curve and the linear regression method. The results show: (1) no significant change in streamflow followed by an increasing tendency after the 1990s that turns to be decreasing about 2000; and (2) a sharp increase of sediment load during the late 1960s and 1970s triggered by extensive deforestation (during the “Cultural Revolution” in China) followed by a tendency to decrease after the early 1980s. Construction of water reservoirs has greatly reduced the sediment load of the Poyang Lake basin, and this is particularly the case in the Ganjiang River, where the sediment load changes may be attributed to the trapping effects of the Wan'an Reservoir, the largest water reservoir within the Poyang Lake basin. There is no evidence to corroborate the influence of water reservoirs on the streamflow variations. It seems that the streamflow variations are subject mainly to precipitation changes, but this requires further analysis. The current study may be of scientific and practical benefit in the conservation and restoration of Poyang Lake, as a kind of wetland, and also in flood mitigation in the middle Yangtze River basin that is under the influence of human activities. Citation Zhang, Q., Sun, P., Jiang, T. & Chen, X.-H. (2011) Spatio-temporal patterns of hydrological processes and their hydrological responses to human activities in the Poyang Lake basin, China. Hydrol. Sci. J. 56(2), 305–318. 相似文献
999.
ABSTRACTUnder the combined influence of climate changes and human activities, the hydrological regime of the Wei River shows remarkable variations which have caused many issues in the Wei River in recent decades, such as a lack of freshwater, water pollution, disastrous flooding and channel sedimentation. Hence, hydrological regime changes and potential human-induced impacts have been drawing increasing attention from local government and hydrologists. This study investigates hydrological regime changes in the natural and measured runoff series at four hydrological stations on the main Wei River and quantifies features of their long-term change by analysing their historical annual and seasonal runoff data using several approaches, i.e., continuous wavelet transform, cross-wavelet, wavelet coherence, trend-free pre-whitening Mann-Kendall test and detrended fluctuation analysis. By contrasting two different analysis results between natural and measured river runoff series, the impacts of human activities on the long-term hydrological regime were investigated via the changes of spatio-temporal distribution in dominant periods, the trends and long-range memory of river runoff. The results show : (a) that periodic properties of the streamflow changes are the result of climate, referring to precipitation changes in particular, while human activities play a minor role; (b) a significant decreasing trend can be observed in the natural streamflow series along the entire main stream of the Wei River and the more serious decrease emerging in measured flow should result from human-induced influences in recent decades; and (c) continuous decreasing streamflow in the Wei River will trigger serious shortages of freshwater in the future, which may challenge the sustainability and safety of water resources development in the river basin, and should be paid great attention before 2020.
Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz; Associate editor K. Hamed 相似文献
1000.
动物常依据捕食风险强弱改变其行为策略,在警戒与采食及其它行为的时间分配上权衡,这一理论称为捕食风险的时间分配假说。该假说已在高原鼠兔等动物中得到验证,但对在中亚荒漠地区有代表性的啮齿动物大沙鼠（Rhombomys opimus）是否成立至今未被验证。通过行为观察,比较警戒与采食等行为在单位观察时间内总累积时间、单次行为持续时间以及活动频次之间的关系,验证大沙鼠行为规律是否符合捕食风险的行为时间分配假说。结果显示大沙鼠警戒行为的总累积时间与采食等其它行为间存在显著负相关（警戒与总地表活动：r=-0.727,P<0.001;警戒与采食：r=-0.515,P< 0.001;警戒与储食：r=-0.174,P< 0.001;警戒与其它行为：r=-0.142,P= 0.001）,警戒单次持续时间也与其它行为的单次持续时间存在显著负相关（警戒与地表活动：r=-0.157,P< 0.001;警戒与采食：r=-0.126,P= 0.002;警戒与储食：r=-0.094,P= 0.024）。此外大沙鼠警戒频次与其活跃程度紧密相关,大沙鼠活动频繁时,伴随的警戒次数也多（警戒与总地表活动：r= 0.404,P< 0.001;警戒与采食：r= 0.311,P< 0.001;警戒与储食：r= 0.297,P< 0.001;警戒与其它行为：r= 0.366,P< 0.001）。研究表明：大沙鼠在警戒与采食等其它行为的时间分配上存在明显权衡,支持捕食风险的时间分配假说,并且其警戒行为亦与活动频次有关,当大沙鼠活动频繁时,伴随的警戒行为次数也越多。 相似文献